The Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin Essay - 1528 Words

â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is very intriguing, not only because of the emotional change Louise Mallard goes through the hour after her husband’s tragic death but also the way Chopin uses irony in the story. During this analysis of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† we will discuss the summary, plot, setting, tone, theme, point of view, emotions of Louise Mallard and other characters involved in the story. Chopin’s story uses the feelings of a married woman in the late 1890’s and feminine identities, to help the reader better understand married life of a woman during that period in time. In the story, Louise Mallard is a young woman with a heart condition who recently is informed of her husband’s†¦show more content†¦I believe the story is very effective with the methods Chopin used to write with. â€Å"We are told of the joy she feels with the freedom she finds in her husband’s death, but we are not specifically tol d that she is skeptical of marriage in general† (Hicks 1).The setting for this story is based in the spring of 1984 in Louisiana, â€Å"the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life† (Chopin 2). In the story, Chopin does not describe many things with detail, she describes the only furniture as being â€Å"comfortable, roomy armchair† (Chopin 2). Chopin also describes Mrs. Mallard as being, â€Å"young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even certain strength† (Chopin 2). The only method of transportation that is mentioned in the story is railroad and the only reason that method of transportation is mentioned is because that is how they believed Mr. Mallard died in a horrible railroad disaster. Chopin portrayed all of the characters very well throughout the story, which helped the story read better. Louise Mallard is the protagonist in this story and the antagonist is the bandage she has on in her role as a wife in the 1800’s. There are only a few characters in this story and the main character is Louise Mallard, she is very well developed and changes throughout the story. After finding out about her husband’s death she runs to her room and goes through many emotional changes. At first Louise is sad and then sheShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1241 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a wonderful short story bursting with many peculiar twists and turns. Written in 1894, the author tells a tale of a woman who learns of her husband’s death, but comes to find pleasure in it. Many of the elements Kate Chopin writes about in this story symbolize something more than just the surface meaning. Through this short story, told in less than one thousand one hundred words, Kate Chopin illustrates a deeper meaning of Mrs. Mallard’s marriage with herRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin855 Words   |  4 PagesThe Story of an Hour In the â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, is about pleasure of freedom and the oppression of marriage. Just like in Kate Chopin’s story, inside most marriages, even the ones that seem to be the happiest, one can be oppressed. Even though, one might seem to be happy deep inside they miss the pleasure of freedom and living life to the fullest. Just like, in this story Mrs. Mallard feels trapped and when she hears about her husband’s death she first feels distraught, but ultimatelyRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1457 Words   |  6 PagesEmotions and Death Everyone who reads a story will interpret things slightly different than the person who reads it before or after him or her. This idea plays out with most every story, book, song, and movie. These interpretations create conflict and allow people to discuss different ideas and opinions. Without this conflict of thought there is no one devoting time to debate the true meaning of a text. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† tells about a woman who is informed of her husbands deathRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin987 Words   |  4 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† reader’s see a potentially long story put into a few pages filled with rising action, climax and even death. In the beginning of the story, character Louise Mallard, who has a heart condition, is told of the death of her husband by her sister and one of her husband’s friends. Afterwards Mrs. Mallard is filled with emptiness and then joy of freedom. This joy of freedom is actually what consequently leads to her death in the end when she discoversRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1061 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, readers are introduced to characters whose lives change drastically in the course of this writing. Through Kate Chopin’s story we can identify many different themes and examples of symbolism in her writing. Chopin’s choice of themes in this writing are no surprise due to the time frame of which this story was written. Chopin often wrote stories with of women’s rights, and is noted as one of America’s first open feminists. As this story of an ill, helplessRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin972 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin expresses Ms. Mallard’s feelings towards her husband’s death in an appalling train accident. Due to her bad heart, her sister Josep hine had to be the bearer of bad news and approach his death gently to her. According to the quote, â€Å" But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought†, it lets us know thatRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin998 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The story of an hour† by Kate Chopin was a story that was ironical yet profoundly deep. As a student I have been asked to read â€Å"a story of an hour† many times, and every time I’m surprised by how I enjoy it. People can read thousands of stories in their life times and only a handful will every stand out to them, stories that can draw out an emotion or spark a thought are the ones that will standout more. For me and â€Å"a story of an hour† the thought of freedom is what draws me the most as a teenageRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kat e Chopin1542 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story, â€Å"Story of an Hour†, Kate Chopin writes about a woman with heart trouble, Mrs. Mallard, who, in finding out about the death of her husband, Mr. Mallard, experiences some initial feelings of sadness which quickly transition into the exhilarating discovery of the idea of a newfound freedom lying in front of her. When it is later revealed that her husband is not actually dead, she realizes she will not get to taste that freedom. The devastation kills her. What Mrs. Mallard goes throughRead MoreThe Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin596 Words   |  2 PagesIn â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Kate Chopin focuses on the idea of freedom throughout the story. Mrs. Mallard is a lonely wife who suffers from heart trouble. She is told by her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend Richards that her husband has passed away in a train accident. She locks herself in a room expecting to be devastated, but instead feels freedom. Later, she exits her room and her husband walks through the door, causing her to die of a heart attack. Chopin uses this story to demonstrateRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin886 Words   |  4 Pages In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the reader is presented with the theme of prohibited independence. In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Storm†, the scenery in this story builds the perfect atmosphere for an adulterous affair. The importance of these stories is to understand the era they occurred. Kate Chopin wrote stories with exceptional openness about sexual desires. In â€Å"The Storm†, a short story written by Kate Chopin in a time when women were expected to act a certain way and sexual cravings was considered

Poultry Business Plan - 1538 Words

Business Plan OWNER – Joseph Reginald Nicolas Magdaleno Business Name – â€Å"JREG AGRO VENTURES† Address : 2641 Sitio Manggahan, Brgy. Pulong Buhangin, Sta. Maria Bulacan City, ST ZIP Code : 3020 Telephone : (02)533-65-54 Mobile: (+63)923-408-06-59 E-Mail : jreggie.mgdln@gmail.com I. Table of Contents I. Table of Contents 2 II. Executive Summary 3 III. Business Description 4 IV. Marketing Plan 6 V. Operational Plan 14 VI. Management and Organization 17 VII. Personal Financial Statement 18 VIII. Start-up Expenses and Capitalization 19 IX. Financial Plan†¦show more content†¦As our poultry farm grows, we will expand to a much larger shelter to hold 1000 to 2000 chickens and eventually add eggs, ducks and turkeys to the offered product. Our products are 100% organic which is a healthy choice of poultry product. Other poultry farms add genetic enhancers to the food that are given to the birds to enhance the growth and health to shorten the harvest time. We offer naturally grown poultry which is given 100% organic food and a natural environment for them to forest for their own food. IV. Marketing Plan Our target market is NCR, Valenzuela and Bulacan area that consumes poultry products. Our target market’s population consumes poultry products at least five times a week. This demand for poultry products is very profitable. The poultry subsector posted a 3.92 percent output increment this quarter. It shared 13.30 percent in total agricultural production. Chicken production grew by 3.77 percent. At current prices, the subsector grossed P39.0 billion, down by 4.35 percent from the 2010 level. This data is from Philippine Department of Agriculture. [Table 1] PERFORMANCE OF PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE JANUARY – MARCH 2011.Show MoreRelatedHygeia International Case Analysis1470 Words   |  6 PagesContext: 1980 Statement of the Problem: To determine whether to venture into poultry production, retain current business position, or to use poultry production as a sales promotion tool to increase profit Statement of the Objectives: * To determine the number of human resources needed for the company to be ready in venturing into poultry production in Nigeria in four weeks time * To analyze risks involved in poultry production in Nigeria in four weeks time * To determine historical dataRead MoreEssay on Hygeia Case Study735 Words   |  3 PagesPAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA (University of the City of Manila) Intramuros, Manila GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT CASE ANALYSIS: HYGEIA INTERNATIONAL In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in BUSINESS POLICY Submitted to: Prof. Valmores Submitted by: JAMES RODNEY R. ROMANA Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (University of the City of Manila) Graduate School of Management A. TITLE OF THE CASE: HYGEIA INTERNATIONAL B. POINT OR VIEW: HenryRead MoreStrategic Pl The Canadian Chicken Industry1006 Words   |  5 PagesLike all other industries, strategic plans are essential in order to succeed. Without a strategic production, marketing, and financial plan companies and industries will not efficiently function and many problems are sure to arise. A strategic business plan are informal or formal techniques used by companies to better advance their products and marketing ideas, ultimately being successful and making lots of money. In many cases a formal strategic plan can help execute financial goals, sell more productsRead MoreCapitol Hill Quackery : Congress Attacks Poultry Farmers1437 Words   |  6 Pages We have all wondered where, and how the poultry that is in our grocery stores had gotten there at some point in time, whether if we eat meat or not. When we find out, we are not too ecstatic with the results. It is unbelievable what they do just in order to get profit from the many variations of chicken the comp anies produce. They treat the birds as if they are not a living, breathing animal sitting right in front of them. They have no sympathy, for this wonderful creation, and all that it has toRead MoreHACCP and the Poultry Industry Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pages(Sandrou and Arvannitoyanis 266). This system provides a scientific approach to combating food contamination, has a broad range of applications, and is directly related to the progress of the poultry industry. An E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in 1993 acted as a wake-up call to the nation that the meat and poultry inspection practices in use at that time werent as effective as needed. Up until this point, slaughter inspections consisted of visually assessing the animals and birds and checking the carcassesRead MoreExample Company Background1371 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Company’s background Borneo Poultry Sdn. Bhd is a company that focusing on production of chicken’s meat which will soon to be one of the companies responsible in supplying poultry products in Sabah, specifically in Kota Kinabalu district. Borneo Poultry farm is located in sub-urban industrialised area in Jalan Tuaran, Inanam. The company have three business partners and aided with three experienced workers. Chicken’s farming is a lucrative business since chicken’s meat are consumed by universalRead MoreBuilding Sustainable Livelihoods For The Poor, Landless And The Disadvantaged Communities Living Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagesthe poor, landless and the disadvantaged communities living in the village of Bharss. Project Objectives: The specific objectives of the project are: †¢ To build capacity of the Cooperative Society to implement proposed project and actively promote poultry and goat rearing activities †¢ To encourage profit-driven social entrepreneurs undertaking production and marketing techniques for long-term sustainability †¢ To create a buffer source of food and nutrition within the village in the form of surplusRead MoreHygeia International Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagesrecommend that should be done on this proposal? 2. Without good policies, a business organization will have no sense of direction. a) What do you understand by policy? b) Mention and discuss the characteristics of a good and effective policy. c) What are the advantages of written policy? 3. Effective organizational performance is usually constrained by environmental factors. 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The joint venture purpose was to build and operate cash and carry superstores in India under the name Best Price Modern Wholesale. As partners, the two companies jointly built 20 superstores. The first store opened

Graduation Speech For A Middle School Essay Example For Students

Graduation Speech For A Middle School Essay 1. To enrich my school experience I have been taking college classes galore. By the end of this year I will have about 20 college credits. Taking college classes has been challenging. Balancing extra work on top of my school schedule has at times has been challenging. However I have been preparing myself for college level work. This should ease the transition from high school to college. Also I get free credits. This is something that I suggest every one pursue. I work for a middle school doing workshops with their students on Fridays. I tech robotics. It is fun and I love seeing the light bulb moments2. My community is indeed extreamly important to me. It hurts my heart when I find problems that I can’t solve for it. I do my best. I helped kick off the NUCLEAR 4-H club I was the first president. We sponsor various FIST teams in the county, as well as host, expose workshops and other outreach activities to help get the community involved in STEM. This year I helped coach a robotics team and was on an all-girls team. through 4-H, I have participated in road clean ups, Christmas baskets for the elderly, caroling, and more worthwhile fundraisers then I can count. on top of that, I participate in Bodylines dance performances. every performance is a canned food drive. Another thing I have done is QPR. This is a suicide prevention training. My school has absolutely nothing set up to help people who are depressed or contemplating suicide. Recently we lost a graduated senior to suicide. His mother who works at the school has joined our cause as we try to convince the school to incorporate suicide prevention into our education. 3. I love traveling. This past summer I went to 7 different countries. I was ecstatic about the chance . . out or ignored. I had an idea on how to fix the program that they were puzzling over and I got yelled at and told that I was not allowed to touch the robot or computer. The next year I jump-started an all-girls team. I have electrified my prom dress, taught classes, coached teams, and am going to go to school to get a degree in computer engineering with an emphasis in robotics. This fascination has grown to be a passion of mine. If I had given in to the pressures of society I would have never learned that I enjoy building, programming, and designing robots. I don’t think anyone else should have to fight half this hard for something with as much potential as STEM. If I had let the stereotypical role of women discourage me, I would have never figured out what I wanted to do with my life. there is so much untapped potential hidden in the minds of the world’s women. 287

Leszek Swirski Essay Example

Leszek Swirski Essay I will investigate the change of velocity and acceleration of a laterally moving object attached by a string and pulley to a dropped object, when the mass of the dropped object is changed.MethodApparatus** Trolley* Piece of Card* Runway* Weights* 2 Light Gates* Weights* Pulley* Computer* LogIt 9000* Insight Timing* Appropriate cablesDiagramSet up procedureThis is how I will set up the experiment:1. Set up the apparatus as above, with Light gate A at 45 cm from where the centre of the piece of card (not trolley) will start to move from, and Light gate B at 45 cm further.2. Make sure that there is enough space between the pulley and light gate B for the piece of card to go through the light gate. If not, move the starting point of the trolley back, and the light gates accordingly.3. Plug Light gate A and Light gate B into the LogIt, and plug that into the computer.4. Start up Insight Timing on the computerThen I am ready to startFair TestI will make this a fair test by limiting the key factors:- Weight of trolley I will use the same trolley every time to ensure the same weight- Distance travelled I will keep this constant by releasing the weights from the same height and releasing the trolley form the same place every time. I will also not move the light gates- Friction/Air Resistance Unfortunately, these cannot be avoided, however they will be minimal due to the equipment used, and will be relatively constant as I will not change apparatus.SafetyThere is little safety to be considered. No harmful substances are being used, neither are flames or solvents. I will need to take precautions when increasing the dropping mass, and make sure that all the weights are securely fixed. The main point would be to stop/catch the accelerated trolley before it falls off, especially at higher speeds.Execution ProcedureThis is how I will execute the procedure1. The starting point should be the centre of the piece of card. I will have 10g as the dropping weight2. I will start r ecording on Insight Timing, and let the weight drop, making the trolley and, more importantly, the piece of card move.3. I will make sure someone catches the trolley before it falls off (see safety)4. I will stop insight timing and move the trolley back to the start position5. I will then add another 10g to the weight and repeat from 2. until I have measure the velocity at a mass of 100g.I will repeat this procedure two more times, so that I have 3 repeatsTheoryThere are three points to be considered in the theory. The first is how the mass should affect the velocity. The second is how the height should affect the velocity. The third is how the mass will affect the acceleration.First let me discuss the first point. This test is based on converting gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy.Gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) is mgh, and kinetic energy (k.e.) is 1/2mv2.If we consider the mass of the trolley to be m1, and the dropping mass to be m2, this gives us g.p.e. as m2gh, as only the dropping weight has g.p.e. The letter g is the gravitational constant, and is approximated as 9.81. The letter h is the height. Equally, k.e. is 1/2(m1+ m2)v2, as both the dropping mass and the trolley will move.By Law of Conservation of Energy, energy can neither be created nor can it be destroyed, however it can be converted from one form to another. Therefore, if the g.p.e. is not wasted in any other way (e.g. friction converting it into heat energy), it must all be converted into k.e.This means that g.p.e. = k.e., therefore:m2gh = 1/2(m1+ m2)v2If I didnt have to consider m1, this could be re-written as:v2 = 2m2ghm2This would mean that the m2s will cancel out, proving that the mass of an object has no effect on its falling speed (as confirmed by Galileo). This is not true, however, when there is a constant added to the denominator. This makes the formula:v2 = 2m2ghm1 + m2This does not allow for the masses to cancel out, therefore the velocity (of both) must dep end also on the falling mass.The second point to consider is the height. Due to the setup, the vertical drop will be converted into both vertical and horizontal movement. This means that the height can be represented on the horizontal as the movement of the trolley. Since the speed is measured as the average speed of the card as it moves, the starting point should be the centre of the piece of card.The two light gates are therefore at 45 cm and 90 cm. This means that in the formula, h will be 0.45 and 0.9 (as h is measured in metres).I should also consider the effect the height will have on the velocity. The formula is:v2 = 2m2ghm1 + m2Since the h is in the numerator, it must directly and positively influence the velocity, i.e. as it increases, so will the velocity.As for the third point, acceleration, a different formula is needed. In this instance, it is:v2 = v02 + 2axv0 is the starting velocity and v is the final velocity (at light gate B). a is the acceleration and x is the dist ance moved. In this case, as light gate B is 90 cm from the starting point, x = 0.9. Also, since the trolley is not moving at the start, v0 is 0As we want to know the acceleration and v0 is 0, this can be rearranged and simplified as:a = v22hSince we know v2 to be:2m2ghm1 + m2we can replace the v2 in the acceleration formula to conform. Also After some simplifying, this becomes:a = m2g I(m1 + m2)Therefore, as the mass increases, so will the acceleration.PredictionThere are really two predictions to be made. One is on the subject of velocity, the other on acceleration.For velocity, I predict that as the dropping mass will increase, so the velocity will also increase. I predict that there will be a linear relationship between v2 and m2, therefore, I predict that the relationship between v and m2 will have to be parabolic, on its side. I also predict that, due to the height being lower at light gate A than B, the velocity will be higher at B than A. I predict the graph to look like thi s:For acceleration, I predict that dropping mass will increase, so the acceleration will also increase. Since m2 is in both the numerator and denominator, I predict that the graph will be hyperbolic, on its side. This is because, as the m2s increase, the effect of the added m1 will decrease, almost to a point where it is relatively insignificant, as m2 is so large. This would mean that the m2s increase to a theoretical point where m1 is irrelevant, and they cancel out, making the acceleration stay the same, as g (9.81). This would make the graph hyperbolic with the asymptote as 9.81:A AnalysingResultsRepeat 1Repeat 2MassVelocity AVelocity BTimeAccelerationMassVelocity AVelocity BTimeAccelerationkgm/sm/ssm/s/skgm/sm/ssm/s/s0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.270.381.350.080.010.270.381.360.080.020.450.650.800.260.020.470.670.770.250.030.580.830.620.400.030.600.860.610.430.040.690.960.520.520.040.701.000.520.590.050.771.030.470.540.050.761.120.470.770.060.841.170.430.760.06 0.801.210.440.910.070.911.190.400.690.070.911.320.401.040.080.971.380.371.100.080.971.410.371.190.091.011.470.361.300.091.021.460.361.220.101.021.480.351.290.101.111.530.341.23Repeat 3MassVelocity AVelocity BTimeAccelerationkgm/sm/ssm/s/s0.000.000.000.000.000.010.310.461.200.130.020.480.720.770.310.030.600.900.610.480.040.701.040.530.650.050.781.150.480.770.060.841.230.440.880.070.911.370.411.110.080.961.420.391.170.091.021.500.371.310.101.071.590.351.49From these results I can work out an average set of results:MassVelocity AVelocity BTimeAccelerationkgm/sm/ssm/s/s0.000.000.000.000.000.010.280.411.300.100.020.470.680.780.270.030.590.860.610.440.040.701.000.520.580.050.771.100.470.690.060.831.200.440.850.070.911.290.400.950.080.971.400.381.150.091.021.480.361.280.101.071.530.351.34AnalysisThere are several pieces of information that can be extracted from the above table. The first two are the changes in Velocity at points A and B when the mass increases. The second is the change in acceleration as the mass increases. Also these values can be compared to the theoretical to show how outside factors (like friction) have affected the results.The first that I will look at is the two velocities.Here, I have put on a graph the two points velocities against the changing mass. As you can see, the velocities both increase with the mass, however they increase less every time.Also, it shows how the velocity at B, further on (therefore at a higher height) is larger than the velocity at A (at a smaller height).Theory backs both these remarks. Firstly, I shall consider the heights influence. The formula for the velocity (squared) is:v2 = 2m2ghm1 + m2As h increases, its position makes it increase the amount in the numerator, therefore directly increasing the velocity. Therefore, as Bs height is larger than As, the velocity at B will always be higher that A. A notable exception is when m2 = 0, as then the height will have no effect as the numerator, and therefore velocity will have to equal 0.Secondly, I shall consider the influence of the dropping mass. In the formula, removing the influence of the m1 would make the m2s cancel out and make the velocity the same. However, this is not so. Since the denominator involves an addition, and the numerator does not, this mean that the velocity must increase as the mass increases.As to why the graph curves, it would be easier to consider a simpler fraction, namely:x Ix+1When x = 1, the fraction is 1/2. When x = 2, the fraction is 2/3. The difference between these is 1/6. When x = 3, the fraction is 3/4. The difference between the last two is now 1/12; half of what it was before. When x = 4, the fraction is 4/5. Now, the difference between the last two is 1/20; again, nearly half. If the fraction was plotted on a graph, this downwards trend in differences would make the line curved, as it would increase less every time.This does not change with multipliers, neither in the nominator nor denominator, as they only ch ange the scale, not the shape, neither does it change when the added constant is changed. This means that the same rule applies to the formula for velocity.As for comparing this graph to the prediction, the easies way would be an overlay of the two:This shows the prediction and real graph, both scaled to fit each other. The lines from the prediction are not exactly the same as in the prediction, as I have scaled them to fit the graph. As you can see, they follow each other nearly exactly. This, coupled with the fact that my theory agreed with the graph of the results, means that my prediction must have been correct.The second graph that I will look at is the accelerationIn this graph, the trend is not so apparent. Only one definitive piece of information can be derived from this graph: that the acceleration increases as the mass increases.Before I consider the shape of the graph, I will first explain the above point. The formula for acceleration against mass is:a = m2g I(m1 + m2)As I have described in my analysis of the velocity graph, this means that as m2 increases, a must also increase. However, the fact that this increase should be smaller every time is not so apparent. To explain this, I will look at the theoretical graph on the same scale:This graph, save for a few anomalies in the actual graph, is exactly the same. Therefore there are two options: the theoretical graph is incorrect or the graph is incorrectly drawn.My suspicion is that it is the latter. I believe that the graph will turn, however not yet, i.e. that the scale is too small. If I do the graph again, with the mass going not up to 0.10 but to 1.00, the graph looks like this:The graph now does indeed curve, as I had predicted. I believe therefore that had I continued the experiment up to a dropping mass of 1 kg instead of 0.1 kg, my actual graph would also curve. This, however, only speculation, and there is no way to tell without actually doing this. I can therefore only conclude that the ac celeration increases as the mass increases. This does, conform with my prediction, however it does not prove that the graph would be hyperbolic with the asymptote at 9.81, as the graph does not go that far.E EvaluatingStandard DeviationMassVelocity AVelocity BTimeAccelerationkgm/sm/ssm/s/s0.000.000.000.000.000.010.020.050.090.030.020.020.040.020.030.030.010.040.010.040.040.010.040.010.070.050.010.060.010.140.060.020.030.010.080.070.000.090.010.230.080.010.020.010.050.090.010.020.010.050.100.050.060.010.14In this experiment, a very fair result could be achieved due to the three repeats. In fact, as this table shows, the standard deviation was never higher than 0.23, and only three times exceeding 0.10. Obviously, this could be further improved by adding more repeats.Another way to improve the results would be to better standardise the place form which the trolley was released, as on the day this was only roughly estimated, leading to anomalies. Also, although this would be only theo retical, it would have been better to decrease the friction in the wheels, runway, and pulley and even air resistance. Factors such as these lead to energy losses reaching 54%.Energy Statistics at AMassEnergykgInput (J)Output (J)Loss (%)0.000.000.00N/A0.010.040.0254%0.020.090.0636%0.030.130.0930%0.040.180.1326%0.050.220.1626%0.060.260.1928%0.070.310.2424%0.080.350.2723%0.090.400.3023%0.100.440.3423%Energy Statistics at BMassEnergykgInput (J)Output (J)Loss (%)0.000.000.00N/A0.010.090.0452%0.020.180.1232%0.030.260.2025%0.040.350.2724%0.050.440.3325%0.060.530.4123%0.070.620.4823%0.080.710.5719%0.090.790.6419%0.100.880.7120%The input in these energy losses has been calculated as the theoretical input of the appropriate mass over the appropriate distance, namely:Input = mghThe output has been calculated as:Output = v2(m1+m2)2The loss percentage has been calculated as:Loss % = Input-OutputInputObviously, at a mass of 0, input and output are 0, and therefore the loss is not calculable, as it would include division by 0.These tables show that friction and air resistance created a very large margin of error for the experiment, especially at lower masses. The real and theoretical lines are compared on the next two graphs, of the velocity at A and at B, respectively. The frication and air resistance factor would explain the difference in scale, but similarity of the lines, which would other wise have to be explained with very coincidental anomalies.It is difficult to identify anomalies on a curved graph, however, as the graph shows, the real lines quite closely follows the theoretical lines, apart from the aforementioned difference in scale. On the first graph, there is one slight bump, which could be described as anomalous, at 0.06 kg, and a slightly smaller curve than predicted at 0.01 kg, however these are the worst examples of anomalies on the graph, and are minute. On the second graph, again there is a slightly smaller curve than predicted at 0.01 kg, there is again a small bump, this time at 0.07 kg, and the point is a bit lower than it should at 0.10 kg, however again the anomalies are minute.Much worse anomalies come on the graph of acceleration. Problems due to friction and air resistance are obviously present, as the real graph is below the theoretical graph; however the real line is also, for lack of a better word, wobbly. The unsteadiness of the line makes it difficult to identify which points are actually anomalous, however by drawing a straight line of best fit (also shown), I approximate these to be at 0.01, 0.08, 0.09 kg.The increased size of the anomalies may be due to the fact that the acceleration is calculated by using three measurements, velocity at A, velocity at B and the time, all of which can have slight mistakes which add up.If factors such as friction and air resistance could not be eliminated, it might have been beneficial to measure them instead, and adjust the final results accordingly. Therefore, as further work, it w ould have been helpful to find out the co-efficient of friction of the runway, i.e. find the force needed to move the trolley (measured using a Newton meter, by pulling the trolley along the runway) and divide this by the force exerted upon the trolley by the runway (this being its weight, 0.5 kg, multiplied by the gravitational constant, 9.81, making it 4.905 N). Air resistance could also be mesaured, by Stokes law which says that air resistance force is proportional to density of the air times the cross sectional area of the object times the square of the velocity of the object.Investigation on converting Gravitational Potential energy into horizontal and vertical Kinetic Energy

How you spend your leisure time versus how your parentsspend their leisure time Essays

How you spend your leisure time versus how your parentsspend their leisure time Essays How you spend your leisure time versus how your parentsspend their leisure time Essay How you spend your leisure time versus how your parentsspend their leisure time Essay Essay Topic: Rear Window My parents are in their late middle age. My mom is in her late forties and my dad is in his late fifties and retired. Meanwhile I am nineteen, pretty much healthy and energetic. As with all people, the older we grow the slower we are and are more pone to illnesses. With this in mind, we go into the point that I am trying to make, the huge gap in the way I spend my leisure time compared to my parents. As with any normal teenage, what I consider leisure would include a lot of loud noises, bright lights and friends gossiping about anything except schoolwork and world news (proven fact that modern day teenagers arent the brightest people in the world). If I had a day off from the hustle and bustle of life, it would basically begin with a shopping excursion with friends to the nearest shopping mall. I would start with a movie then move on to window shopping, more often than not look out for sales and try to grab a few good deals. After all, it is a girls nature to shop. After that, my friends and I would adjourn to the nearest coffee shop; not your normal mamak stall but rather places like CoffeeBean or San Franciso Coffee House, places where they specialize in coffee and definitely in high prices as well. There we spend out time lepaking and basically hanging out. Teenagers are actually nocturnal animals. We are more active at night. This fact applies more heavily to college goers actually. A night out in town wont be complete without a visit to a disco. There we dance our hearts out or maybe drown out sorrows in alcohol. It may seem to be a bad habit but as long as we learn to stay away from bad habits like smoking and taking drugs it can be a way of releasing stress as is the most important element in having leisure time. When you take the leisure activities I do and compare it with my parents, anyone can see the difference. My parents would take gardening over a day in a crowded shopping mall. In fact my parents dislike huge crowds and avoid them unless really necessary. They enjoy taking walks in parks and their main interest is in nature. On rainy days when they would rather curl up with a good book or maybe a magazine with the radio in the background playing soothing music. Most of the days the just enjoy each other company. Individually my parents have different hobbies, my fathers lie in his fish pond where he rears koi fish and various carp. He claims that they create a certain ying-yang balance in our house. Meanwhile my moms hobby lay more in her vegetable garden. She grows various types of chilies, fruit trees and vegetables. Even though I and my parents have different leisure activities, we do share one thing in common; the love for books. There are definitely days where we spend out leisure time with a good book. No matter how you spend your leisure time, the main point is that you are able to relax and reduce stress while enjoying your favorite activity before going back into the real world again.

Essay on Intel’s Site Selection Decision in Latin America

Essay on Intel’s Site Selection Decision in Latin America Essay on Intel’s Site Selection Decision in Latin America Essay on Intel’s Site Selection Decision in Latin AmericaQ1. Why is Intel interested in investing internationally? Why does the company want to invest in Latin America?The speed of competition in the microprocessor segment of hardware industry is very intensive. According to Moore’s law, the power of microprocessors which is pushed by the laws of competitive market doubles every 18 months (Nelson, 2000). Intel is the market leader and in order to retain its leadership, the company needs to invest into RD and open new centers of production simultaneously. International investments allow Intel to get the most of international specialization and diversify its production; Intel can use the advantages of different regions such as engineering achievements and management talents in the United States, availability of supplies and labor in Asia, etc.Since investing both into RD and expanding manufacturing volumes is expensive, Intel has to consider new locations with lower manuf acturing costs. Latin America has a number of advantages in this sense: low cost of labor, availability of labor, logistical and time closeness to the United States (Nelson, 2000). In addition, Intel already had several centers in Asia but did not enter Latin America yet, so it would be a reasonable step towards improving international diversification of the business.Q2. What characteristics does the company seek in a country where it will locate its investment?It is reasonable to pay attention to the following factors in the target country: economic and political stability, labor regulations and labor unions, the presence and availability of educated/skilled workforce and the country’s infrastructure. For some companies, it might be necessary to assess the demand for a particular product or service; yet, for Intel, in the considered case, local demand was not important since the microprocessors were intended for export (Nelson, 2000).The characteristics required from the cou ntry selected for locating the investments also include: low or at least moderate level of criminal activity, good (or at least neutral) attitude to expatriates, low level of corruption, the absence of other security risks such as elevated criminal activity, good roads/airports and the availability of transportation means (cars, trucks, planes). One of the important aspects for choosing the country for virtually any company is the level of taxation, taxes for international investors and the presence of tax incentives for the considered business. In addition, it is necessary to consider the impact of cultural factors on future collaboration (for example, using Hofstede’s model of cultural dimensions and differences).Q3. What are the pros of each country on Intel’s short list?There were 4 countries on Intel’s short-list: Costa Rica, Brazil, Chile and Mexico (Nelson, 2000). The pros of Costa Rica included: political stability, availability of talented engineers and the presence of a powerful technology-focused organization (CINDE) in the country (Nelson, 2000). Additional advantages of Costa Rica included educational flexibility, low level of labor unionization, good level of general English proficiency and generous incentives for investors. With regard to Brazil, key advantages were: high availability of technical personnel, tax incentives for computer industry (yet no tax exemptions), the presence of many other technology companies and good infrastructure.The pros of Chile for Intel were advanced infrastructure, sophisticated engineering training programs and low unionization (Nelson, 2000). Finally, the advantages of Mexico included a very advantageous location in Mexican Silicon Valley, the presence of many other large computing companies in this area, the presence of expatriates, great infrastructure, impressive supply of skilled engineers and technicians and governmental support of technological investments.

Consistency in Building and Fire Plan Review Essay

Consistency in Building and Fire Plan Review - Essay Example S. D E D I C A T I O N This simple work is humbly dedicated to my loving wife Tami, and my inspiration Ronnie and Emily Salvaggio. R. S. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ----------------------------------------------------------------- 3 DEDICATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 LIST OF TABLES Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ---------------------------------------------------------------- 9Statement of the Problem ---------------------------------------------------- 10 Significance of the Study --------------------------------------------------- 10 Theoretical Framework of the Study ------------------------------------- 11 Hypotheses ------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 Scope and Delimitation of the Study ------------------------------------- 12 DEFINITION OF TERMS ------------------------------------------------- 12 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ----------------------------------- 13 RELATED LITERATURE ------------------------------------------------ 13 3. METHODOLOGY ------------------------------------------------------------- 17 The Research Method ------------------------------------------------------ 17 The Study Area... The researcher's friends: Chesterfield County Virginia Commercial plan review Division; Jeff Ughi, City of Cherryville, NC; Bonnie S. Terra, Fire Marshal, Alameda County Fire Department, Vandergriff, Mike Ashley, and Gary who in their simple ways contributed to the completion of this work; and Above all, the researcher's supportive children, Ronnie and Emily who have sacrificed by giving him the inspiration and encouragement to pursue higher goals in his career, and his loving wife Tami, who was always there to sustain him all the way, from the achievement of his college degree to the completion of this manuscript as a firefighter. To determine the need for the development of a unified plan review check list is the interest of this study. This will be used by new fire plan inspectors of Collier County Fire Code Official's Office. The consistent chart will largely increase the reduction of multiple rejections. It will also facilitate the issuance of permits for building occupancy. Plus, this will ensure accuracy of gathered information. An identical evaluation measure would resolve inconsistencies resulting from the increasing number of evaluators.

Persuasive Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Persuasive Letter - Essay Example The society has suffered both social and economic losses given that human health, property, infrastructure as well as various aspects of the economy such as agriculture have been made untenable due to the harsh weather conditions. As of this moment, the WHO in conjunction with several governments continues to report high incidence of heat and cold related diseases. Moreover, developing nations whose citizenry depend on natural resources for income, have found it hard to earn a living. In as much as the advancements brought about by the past and current generations have made our way of life simpler, some of them have caused environmental degradation. This has in turn resulted into climate change. One reality that the current generation should not turn a deaf ear on is the fact that we have our ancestors to thank for subjecting the environment to wise use during their lifetime. As that has enabled us to make something out for ourselves. From where I sit, I presume true the fact that for us to hand over an intact world to the future generations, then we have to adjust our way of life. Moreover, every person within the world should make sacrifices for the adjustments to bring about considerable effect. Some of the sacrifices for example will require that we not only recycle but also reuse some of the local materials such as paper, plastic, cardboard, aluminum among others (Tokar 55). Similarly, we need to reduce the amount of energy that we consume as we spend many n atural resources in producing the energy, and too much production will exhaust the natural resources. In order to reduce the consequences of climate change, we will need to employ the use of ecofriendly cleaning products, and not those that lead to emission of poisonous materials that lead to the erosion of the ozone layer. At the same time, we should change our eating habits and prepare

World War I Essay Example for Free

World War I Essay In a major world event such as world war, the world economy is much affected. At first it is surprising to know that there is a boost in economy during the war. Actually, the economic problem really took place after the war. Indeed, economic recession happens as an aftermath of a war like what happened after World War I. Just like the case of 1921 recession, the world economy experienced its worst condition years after the war. What is the reason for that? Economic experts believe that the end of war time production as well as the influx of returning troops caused a great recession in the world economy. In a major world event such as world war, the world economy is much affected. At first it is surprising to know that there is a boost in economy during the war. Actually, the economic problem really took place after the war. Indeed, economic recession happens as an aftermath of a war like what happened after World War I. Just like the case of 1921 recession, the world economy experienced its worst condition years after the war. What is the reason for that? Economic experts believe that the end of war time production as well as the influx of returning troops caused a great recession in the world economy. During World War I, there were a lot of war time related productions such as weapons that cause a certain boost in world’s economy. If there are greater productions, it follows that a lot of labor is needed. This will lessen the rate of unemployment in those countries that are involved in the war. In the case of World War I, the production of war related products stopped which means that a lot of workers who are related to the said industry lose their job. The increase in the production of money because of the increase in war expenditure resulted to inflation. Although there is an increase of the number of money in the circulation, still the economy is not in good situation because of high prices. Other than that, those troops who return after the war added to the number of unemployed people. Although the America experienced the worst effect of recession in 1921, still countries such as United States was able to recover and even experience economic growth. New factories that are producing radios and automobiles emerged. Aside from that, a lot of women left their work to give way to the returning troops. That is the reason why it was easy for the United States economy to recover after the post war recession. But still the economic growth that the United States had experienced gave way to what is known as great depression. The great depression in US economy started when a breakdown in the stock market had occurred known as Black Tuesday. As we look at the world wide great depression, we cannot say that it is a sudden collapse of the world economy. Black Tuesday was just the start of it. In 1930, US government and business spent so much but the consumers who suffered from a great loses during the black Tuesday decreased their expenditures by ten percent. Other than that, there was a severe drought in the US during that time. As a result, personal income, tax revenues, income and profit, as well as international trade had declined. Meanwhile, there is also a belief that the Great Depression was caused by poor policy of the American Federal Reserve System. Because of the belief that it is for the regulation of money, the said institution allowed the money supply to shrink. They believed that they can recover easily just like what happened during the 1921 recession. They didn’t expect that it will affect a great number of investor that will cause them to stop investing. Meanwhile, there are also other historians who blame the U. S. Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act in the decline of international trade which later worsened the Great Depression. Because of the fact that foreign trade is just a small part of their economy, US had ignored the possibility of affecting the economy of other countries. As a conclusion, we can say that the experience of fast recovery from the post World War I recession gave so much confidence to the US economy that they ignored the possibility of another economic breakdown such as the Great Depression. Because of their so much economic security, they did some careless act that lead to Great Depression and even worsening the situation.

Extra-Terrestrial Existence :: essays research papers fc

Has intelligent extra-terrestrial life visited the Earth? Have people actually seen spacecraft from another world? Have these spacecraft abducted human beings and performed experiments on them? Have these spacecraft been recovered by our goverment? Many believe this to be very true. Contrary to these beliefs, there is no physical or any evidence to prove these aliens have visited the Earth. But that does not rule out the existence of intelligent life elsewere in the Universe. There could always be life out there. But way to far away to have visited the Earth. The major reason people believe in aliens is a good reason to believe. This major reason is the sighting of a UFO. UFOs have revolutionized the way people think about aliens. The term UFO means: Unidentified Flying Object. Today the term UFO usually is reffered to an alien spacecraft. These alien â€Å"spacecraft† come in many shapes and sizes. The most common UFO has a disk or saucer shape. They move at very high speeds and appear to spin on an axis. UFO sightings vary from person to person. there have been so many reports of UFO sightings they can’t be counted. But are these sightings really alien spacecraft? The earliest sighting of a UFO is dated back to 213 B.C. Theses sighting were thought to be alien craft. Studies show that these sightings could have been a comet of a meteor. Around 742-814 A. D. "During the reign of Charlemagne, spacecraft took away some of the earth's inhabitants to show them something of the way of life of space people. These events are described in the Comte de Gabalis' Discourses.† Trench 1966. The University of Colorado conducted a UFO report. This elaborate report was lead by Edward U. Condon. Condon states, The decision to etablish this report for the Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects stems from recommendations in a report dated March 1966 of an Ad Hoc Commitee of the Air Force Scientific advisory board set up under the chairmanship of Dr. Brian O’Brien to review the work of Project Blue Book. In this report Condon gives examples of some UFO reports. In 1952, so many UFO reports came in it clogged some Military communication channels. It was believed that an enemy planning a sneak attack could report a bunch of UFO reports to cause mass confusion to the Military communcations. Since 1953 many results of UFO study have been unclassified except when reasons needed to withold evidence because of classified missles or classified radar.

Assembly language vs. Mechanical language Essay

Assembly language can execute the same commands as machine language; however, the commands have names instead of numbers. Assembly language, unlike machine language, is a symbolic representation of operation codes, symbolic memory addresses and pseudo codes, which makes the virtual environment user friendly. Machine language, on the other hand, is represented as binary bits consisting of a string of 0s and 1s, which makes the virtual world challenging since the lingo is only comprehended primarily by computers. Therefore, assembly language is considered more user friendly than machine language. Assembly language enables programmers to relate op codes using symbolic names in place of numbers to perform an instruction or input a piece of data. Programmers can inscribe op codes using purposeful words like JUMP, CLEAR, and ADD as an alternative to cryptic binary codes consisting of series of 0s and 1s. An example of assembly language, machine language and its meaning are listed in the book called, â€Å"Invitation to Computer Science† (Schneider & Gersting, 2013, pp. 285, fig. 6.5). In figure 6.5, assembly language is clearly easier to comprehend than machine language, which makes assembly language user friendly. In addition, assembly language allows programmers to utilize symbolic addresses to replace numeric memory addresses in binary bits to execute a command or input data. Computer specialist can link symbolic labels to an instruction or piece of data in the program. In other words, the symbolic label turns into a permanent tag for the instruction or piece of data disregarding where it populates in the program or where it relocates in the memory. However, machine language is more complicated. To perform an instruction or input data in the memory in a specific location, the computer specialist must specify the direct address. For example, â€Å"In machine language, to jump to the instruction stored in memory location 18, you must specify directly to address 18 (write JUMP 18 in binary code). The programming is complicated if a new instruction or data is introduced anywhere within the 18 lines of the program, the jump location 18 shifted to 19. According to Schneider and Gersting, â€Å"This makes modifying programs very difficult, and even small changes become big efforts† (2013, pp. 285). Assembly language use symbolic address is proven to be more user friendly than a numeric address for programmers. Moreover, pseudo code allows the programmer to use a special type of assembly language to be converted into op code referred to as pseudo op. Unlike other operation codes, a pseudo –op does not develop a machine language for instructions or data. In order to execute such task, pseudo-op implores the service of the assembler. One of the many services provided by the assembler is the ability to generate instructions or data into the suitable binary likeness for the system. A brief summary of the conversion is documented in the publication â€Å"Invitation to Computer Science† (Schneider & Gersting, 2013, pp. 287). The summary breaks down how the pseudo-op commands the assembler to generate a binary representation for the integer, and so on. If a programmer had to manually construct the conversion, this would prove to be a very cumbersome task. Therefore the application of assembly language pseudo-op makes the task more favorable for the user. Consequently, assembly language symbolic representation of op codes, addresses, and pseudo codes all makes the virtual environmental experience for users more appealing than that of machine language. Assembly language is developed with the human factor in mind and with that, the experience for the programmer is uncomplicated. Advancement in the virtual world deemed assembly language more appropriate named low-level programming language. Where machine language in the virtual world was once considered primitive, assembly language to, now resides in the same era. In the land of programming, the assembly language created for a specific task or data input must be converted into machine language. The conversion is executed by an assembler. Therefore, low-level programming language, in the same manner, has to convert into machine language the same. More specifically, â€Å"Each symbolic assembly language instruction is translated into exactly one binary machine language instruction† (Schneider & Gersting, 2013, pp. 282). The translation into binary machine language means that instructions or data is represented by a series of 0s and 1s in order for the computer to execute the instruction or store the data information given. Schneider and Gersting said it best when they stated, â€Å"†¦it is the language of the hardware itself† (2013, pp. 282). Since programmers are not hardware the process could prove to very cumbersome for users. The silver lining in this storm is the creation of high-level programming language. Unlike low-level programming language, high-level programming language is more maneuverable by the programmer. High-level programming language is created to use both natural language and mathematical notation. In other words, Schneider and Gersting states, â€Å"A single high-level language instruction is typically translated into many machine language instructions, and the virtual environment created by a high-level language is much more powerful than the one produced by an assembly language† (2013, pp. 282). In short, high-level programming language differs from low-level programming language in that the translation into many machine languages versus translation into one machine language is more powerful. Moreover, high-level programming language is user friendly rather than low-level programming language which is computer friendly. Since the general idea is making the virtual world friendlier for its users, if Internet did not exist, I would not be so friendly. I access the internet on a daily basis for a variety of tasks like; paying bills, scheduling and canceling appointments, recipes, purchases, banking, and the list could go on and on. However, the most important area of internet use is paying bills. Prior to the internet, paying bill required physically visiting the establishment where the bill is to be paid, purchasing a money order in some cases, writing a check or even more archaic, paying with cash. Somehow, a bill or two slipped through the cracks. Now that the primitive days are over and technology has advanced the human nation, auto pay makes life much easier. The merchants that are due payment for services rendered receive payment automatically and all that is required, is manually setting the date, amount and merchant to be paid. Auto pay is convenient, one less tree is destroyed and gas is saved for another day. Simple as my reasons may be, it works for me. Advance in virtual technology make life easier for internet user, however, piracy can present itself as a problem if certain protocols are not put in place. When communicating with others over the internet, there are many ways to safeguard your computer, here are five protocols used as protection while communicating over the internet, authentication, authorization, encryption, system administrator, and firewalls. A combination of all these protocol could safeguard users while communicating over the internet. Authentication is a way of verify the individual right to access a computer. The individual accessing the computer usually has a unique username and password that allows the computer to recognize the individual to allow access to the system. For example, most employers allow their employees access to computers on the job for various duties. However, some user have restrictions where as others do not. In, â€Å"Invitation to Computer science†, a passage on authentication reads, â€Å"When a user attempts to log on to the machine, the operating system reads the user ID and checks that the password matches the password for that user in the password file† (Schneider & Gersting, 2013, pp. 391). Piracy can still occur if this is the only protocol used. However, if authentication is partnered with encryption, communication may not be compromised over the internet. Encryption allows users to create a message in plain text but before it is send to its destination the message is encrypted also known as ciphertext. When the message is obtained by the receiver the content is decoded so it is able to be read. However, if the message is hijacked by the incorrect receiver, the plain text remains encrypted. Encryption according to Schneider & Gersting, â€Å"is the process of using an algorithm to convert information into a representation that cannot be understood or utilized by anyone without the proper decryption algorithm;†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2013, pp. 401). Moving along in safe communication over the internet is authorization. Authorization dictates what an authenticated user has permission to do. Contingent on whom the authorized individual may be, they possess the ability to read, write, execute or delete files. The text, â€Å"Invitation to Computer Science† states, â€Å"The system administrator or superuser has access to everything, and is the person who sets up the authorization privileges for all other users† (Schneider & Gersting, 2013, pp. 395). A more tangible explanation is, I am the system administrator for my personal laptop and I delegate authorization to other users. Next in safety is firewall software. Firewall software blocks access points to a users’ computer. It inhibits communication to or from sites you the user do not allow. In addition to safety while communicating over the internet, safeguarding your computer against viruses is vital. One measure a user can utilize to safeguard their computer against viruses is antivirus software. There is much antivirus software available on the market but the main two that comes to mind is Norton and McAfee antivirus software. Both seem to be popular amongst consumers of today. Antivirus software recognizes viruses, worms and Trojan horses by unique signature these programs transmit. The software wipes out the tainted program being transmitted which safeguards your computer from any threats. In the last 12 months, the following three computer viruses have had a significant impact on business are Shamoon which attacked Saudi Aramco oil company computer, St. Barnabas Healthcare System e-mails were infiltrated by Melissa and a Chinese hacker infiltrated the Times computer system through malware which granted them access to any computer on the Times network. The morning of August 15, 2012 a virus was unleashed to execute the destruction of a company called Aramco’s, corporate PCs documents, spreadsheets, e-mails, files putting in place of all the items demolished, an image of a burning American flag. The person responsible for such destruction is unknown but the article states, â€Å"†¦a person with privileged access to the Saudi state-owned oil company’s computers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is the villain (Perlroth 2012). The name of the virus that collapsed Aramco’s computers is called Shamoon. The virus compelled the company to terminate the company’s internal network in efforts to hinder the virus from spreading like wildfire. In another article, St. Barnabas Health Care System e-mails were sabotaged by the horrendous e-mail virus Melissa. The virus surfer the information highway and infected E-mail systems worldwide, hindering networks and hard drives and to add insult to injury destroyed data. In efforts to save the St. Barnabas Health Care System immediate shut down of the system and networks was in order to rid the organization of the problem. In the same manner, Chinese hackers installed malware to infiltrate Times computer system to obtain passwords for personnel employed by Times. The Chinese hacker had a four month running spree of consistently attacking Times systems. The article states, â€Å"The timing of the attacks coincided with the reporting for a Times investigation, published online on Oct. 25, that found that the relatives of Wen Jiabao, China’s prime minister, had accumulated a fortune worth several billion dollars through business dealings† (Perlroth 2013). In efforts to intercept the Chinese hackers attacks, Times employed security guru to detect and block the attacks. Perlroth reports, â€Å"Computer security experts found no evidence that sensitive e-mails or files from the reporting of our articles about the Wen family were accessed, downloaded or copied,† said Jill Abramson, executive editor of The Times† (2013) References Larson, A. (1999, July 12). Global Security Servey: Virus Attack. Information Week, http://www.informationweek.com/743/security.htm Perlroth, N. (2012, October 23). In Cyberattack on Saudi Firm, U.S. Sees Iran Firing Back. New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/24/business/global/cyberattack-on-saudi-oil-firm-disquiets-us.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 Perlroth, N. (2013, January 30). Hackers in China Attacked The Times for Last 4 Months. New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/31/technology/chinese-hackers-infiltrate-new-york-times-computers.html?pagewanted=all Schneider, G.M. & Gersting, J.L., (2013). Invitation to Computer Science. (6th ed.). Boston, Ma: press

Bill Miller and Value Trust Essay

1. How well has Value Trust performed in recent years? In making that assessment, what benchmark(s) are you using? How do you measure investment performance? What does good performance mean to you? Value trust had outperformed its benchmark index, the Standard & poor 500 Index for 14 years in a row; am average annual total return of 14.6 percent, which surpassed the S&P 500 by 3.67% per year. Value trust had earned a cumulative return of more than 830% over the previous 14 years, more than double that its average peer and the index. There are two ways to mearsure investment performance; the percentage of annual growth rate of NAV assuming reinvestment (the total return on invenst) and the absoulute dollar value today of an investment made at some time in the past. These measure then compared with the performance of a benchmark portfolio such as the Russel 2000 Index or the S&P 500 Composite Index. 2. What might explain the fund’s performance? To what extent do you believe an investment strategy, such as Mill’s explains performance? Some observers attributed this success to the fund manager’s conscious strategy of staying fully invested at all times rather than attempting to time the extent of market investments. Another popular explanation for the fund’s performance was the unusual skill of Bill Miller, the fund’s portfolio manager. His approach was research-intensive and highly concentrated when 50% of its assets were invested in just 10 large-capitalization companies and he was not averse to take large positions in the stocks of growth companies. 3. How easy will it be to sustain Miller’s historical performance record into the future? What factors support your conclusion? NOT EASY EMH LUCKY EVENT 4. Consider the mutual fund industry. What roles do portfolio managers play? What are the differences between fundamental and technical securities analysis? How well do mutual funds generally perform relative to the overall market? Technical analysis: This involved the identification of profitable investment opportunities based on trends in stock prices, volume, market setiment, Fibonacci numbers,etc. Fundamental analysis: This approach relied on insights afforded by an analysis of the economic fundamentals of a company and its industry: supply and demand costs, growth prospects, etc. Mutual funds were able to perform up to the market on a gross-returns basis; however, when expenses were factored in, they underperformed the market. 5. What is capital market efficiency? What are its implications for investment performance in general? What are the implications for fund managers, if the market exhibits characteristics of strong, semi-strong, or weak efficiency? Three levels of market efficiency. 6. Suppose that you are an advisor to wealthy individuals in the area of equity investments. In 2005, would you recommend investing in Miller’s Value Trust? What beliefs about the equity markets does your answer reflect?

Free Essays on Cowboys And Indians

and mannerisms. The Smurfs were just as torturous with their whinny, high pitched blather and Mr. Rogers was just plain creepy. I was more the outdoors kind of girl. Bike rides, monkey bars, swings, cardboard-box rides down bumpy, rocky, spur ridden hills all fun activities. Of course, my favorite activity was to run through the streets during a rainstorm. We lived in Hawaii at the time, in military housing. All the neighborhood kids would come pouring out of their houses the minute a rainstorm started. Warm rain water falling down on us, steam rising from the ground as the rain hits it and me getting as wet as can be. The best part about it is your parents could not really get mad at you for getting all wet and filthy. I was only five years old when I received my first real lesson (and probably my parents biggest lesson) on the power of television and the impressionability of a young girl. As I have said, most of the time television was of no interest to me. But, there were a few cartoon shows I liked watching. Loony Tunes being my favorite, and Bugs Bunny my idol. I used to love to imitate Bugs. I would wander around the house with a carrot in my hand (smacking and chewing loudly as I took bites off the carrot), tapping the end of the carrot like a cigar as invisible ashes fell from the end of it. While uttering â€Å"Eh...(smack, chew, smack)†¦What’s up Doc?†. Sometimes I would be stationary. At this point I would have my elbow resting up against a ledge of some kind, with my carrot in t... Free Essays on Cowboys And Indians Free Essays on Cowboys And Indians I remember as a child I never really liked watching television. My parents rarely watched it growing up. Only as I got older did they acquire a taste for the â€Å"boob tube†. To me most children’s programs and cartoons were â€Å"lameâ€Å". If I knew what drugs were at the time I would have thought the whole crew on Sesame Street was on them because of their wide eyed, overly expressive faces, exaggerated enunciations of words and mannerisms. The Smurfs were just as torturous with their whinny, high pitched blather and Mr. Rogers was just plain creepy. I was more the outdoors kind of girl. Bike rides, monkey bars, swings, cardboard-box rides down bumpy, rocky, spur ridden hills all fun activities. Of course, my favorite activity was to run through the streets during a rainstorm. We lived in Hawaii at the time, in military housing. All the neighborhood kids would come pouring out of their houses the minute a rainstorm started. Warm rain water falling down on us, steam rising from the ground as the rain hits it and me getting as wet as can be. The best part about it is your parents could not really get mad at you for getting all wet and filthy. I was only five years old when I received my first real lesson (and probably my parents biggest lesson) on the power of television and the impressionability of a young girl. As I have said, most of the time television was of no interest to me. But, there were a few cartoon shows I liked watching. Loony Tunes being my favorite, and Bugs Bunny my idol. I used to love to imitate Bugs. I would wander around the house with a carrot in my hand (smacking and chewing loudly as I took bites off the carrot), tapping the end of the carrot like a cigar as invisible ashes fell from the end of it. While uttering â€Å"Eh...(smack, chew, smack)†¦What’s up Doc?†. Sometimes I would be stationary. At this point I would have my elbow resting up against a ledge of some kind, with my carrot in t...

Disparate vs Desperate

Disparate vs Desperate Disparate vs Desperate Disparate vs Desperate By Ali Hale Two words that sometimes get confused are â€Å"disparate† and â€Å"desperate†. They have quite different meanings, but they can sound very similar in some accents, and if you’re using autocorrect, you might find that you get the wrong one. What Does â€Å"Disparate† Mean? Disparate is an adjective that refers to things that are separated in some way – and perhaps even incompatible with one another. Dictionary.com defines it as meaning â€Å"distinct  in  kind;  essentially  different;  dissimilar.† It comes from the Latin â€Å"disparatus†, meaning â€Å"separate.† Here are a couple of examples of â€Å"disparate† in use: Perhaps Labour’s most significant  proposal in its manifesto was for a national education service (NES), a scheme to join up the disparate elements of education, providing free lifelong learning from nurseries through schools to universities and adult education. (From The Guardian) To understand patriotisms uneasy place in Nigeria, you have to go back to 1914 when the Southern and Northern protectorates and Lagos Colony were brought together to form a single country. In the process about 250 disparate groups including the three major ones of Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba were welded together in a Tower of Babel of sorts. (From the BBC.) While â€Å"disparately† is also a valid word (it’s an adverb), it’s rare to come across it being used. What Does â€Å"Desperate† Mean? The word â€Å"desperate† is, like â€Å"disparate†, an adjective. â€Å"Desperate† has the same route as the word â€Å"despair†, and it is used for several different purposes: Wanting something very badly (e.g. â€Å"I’m desperate for a cup of tea.†) Indicating that something is very serious or bad (e.g. â€Å"Our situation is desperate. We are completely out of supplies.†) Being willing to do something risky or extreme (e.g. â€Å"The rescuers took desperate measures to reach the stranded children.†) As an adverb, â€Å"desperately† can be used to modify a verb (e.g. â€Å"She desperately needed to sleep.†) Here are three examples of â€Å"desperate† in use: In a study of 872  acquisitions  made by 401 firms, the authors found that managers who were desperate to show growth- as measured by their firm’s weak growth as compared to that of comparable companieswere more likely to overpay for an acquisition. (From Inc.com) If you approach your job search with the mindset I dont care what kind of job I get  -   I just need a job!, that desperate energy will radiate from you in waves and everyone around you will feel it. (From Forbes.com) Period poverty  is pushing women in  Zimbabwe  to desperate measures  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ and the  homeless are bearing the brunt of the crisis, according to campaigners. (From The Independent) If you’re struggling to know which you should use at any given time, remember: Disparate can usually be replaced in a sentence with the word â€Å"separate†. Desperate can usually be replaced in a sentence with the word â€Å"wanting† or the word â€Å"extreme†, depending on how it’s being used. In most situations, especially in informal writing such as social media posts, the word you want is likely to be â€Å"desperate†. Don’t trust your autocorrect if you end up with â€Å"disparate† instead. Desperate vs Disparate Quiz For each of the following sentences, select the word that makes the most sense: 1. When I finally finished the run, I was [desperate/disparate] for a drink of water. desperate disparate 2. This program of study combines several [desperate/disparate] elements. desperate disparate 3. In these terrible times, we must take [desperate/disparate] measures. disparate desperate 4. I am [disparately/desperately] keen to work in the tourism industry. desperately disparately Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know35 Genres and Other Varieties of FictionCareful with Words Used as Noun and Verb

The Need of Safety Legislation at the Workspace Essay

The Need of Safety Legislation at the Workspace - Essay Example An enhancement in the design of the workplace by increasing the number of emergencies exists. Consequently, the increase will facilitate chances of employees escaping possible deaths in case a calamity arises (Charleston 98). Moreover, I will ensure that there is regular inspection of the building in order to facilitate more improvement on stairways and all pathways. Finally, there will be weekly trainings on the importance of safety and other facades such as dangers of carelessness at the workplace (Charleston 98). How to determine what OSHA regulations apply to this business I will recruit more OSHA experts to facilitate the process of determining regulations, which apply to this manufacturing business. Further, I will engage in a course to be able to go through the regulations in order to know applicable regulations. For example, I will upload the latest update on safety from OSHA and make a detailed analysis. How I would develop expertise in the OSHA regulations that apply to thi s business After the analysis, which will facilitate correct determination of applicable regulations, I would develop expertise as follows: in developing the regulation, which forbids the exposure of chemicals, I will advice management to invest in modern technology, which emits fewer chemicals (Charleston 98). One OSHA regulation depicts that employees ought to have maximum access to information concerning health and protection. Therefore, I will ensure that there is a creation of an extra bulletin board. Consequently, this board will serve the specific function of passing information to employees. Finally, I will facilitate the reduction of occupational noise by installing noise proof technology, which will protect company employees. Personal philosophy of safety leadership Safety leadership entails understanding diverse personalities of the people one heads to appreciate suitable approaches of introducing the safety message to them. Moreover, the safety advocate needs to practice all safety precautions for other employees to have a proper mentor. In addition, there must be an installation of high quality first relieve kits, which will prevent further vulnerability when an industrial accident occurs in the workplace. Moreover, a leader keeps encouraging the people he leads to observe safety standards to reduce mishaps and in turn promote better working standards. In order to be an effective advocate for safety, it takes the following: the first step is to further the safety knowledge, which one has in order to be current. Further, there must be some form of specialization in safety, which will enable one to comprehend the most difficult of safety phenomena (Charleston 98). A review of Indiana’s INsafe voluntary compliance program and OSHA’S voluntary compliance program The program in Indiana has more than eight thousand qualified participants; however, it still welcomes more people. Evidently, the INsafe program is an affiliate of Indiana Depar tment of Labor, which works with workers. Consequently, the series enrolls contestants from all facilities, which have the cover of IOSHA. However, there must be a display of commitment safety management before enrolment in the program.

Data Mining Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data Mining - Assignment Example Raw data that is stored in the business corporate database increase day by day and as time passes. This is from various numerous credit and cash transactions in the company which is measured in gigabytes or terabytes. This data is usually stored in the centralized database; the raw data does not provide much information. Data warehousing Companies have decided to store their data and invest in a tremendous resource. The information and data on their potential and current customers is stored in this data houses as they are becoming part of the technology. These warehouses are used in consolidation of data which is located in the desperate databases. This data houses store stores usually stores large quantities of data on categories for easier and faster retrieval and interpretation by users. They also enable business managers and executives to store and retrieve large amounts of transactions, and the data required in responding to markets and make more informed business ideas and deci sions. Better decision making When the best and available data are collected, data analysis are performed and the most appropriate predictive model is created which results in better understanding on the customers reactions and behaviors towards the marketing programs and reasons for leaving the business. To add on this, various models may results in increased funds success, late payments and reduced bad loans. The good predictive analytics aids businesses in the use of information of previous events to project on new future projects and a good outcome (Olson & Delen, 2008). These are pattern based predictions which are based, on the interrelations between elements of data that cannot be seen on a spreadsheet analysis which leads to a good decision and accurate information. Data mining is a powerful tool which makes it good for business analytics, and the models utilizing procedures to bring about deserving results in customer service. It is also easy to determine which good have be en sold and the resulting reactions from customers with increased abundance of data and information, and the growing interrelationship in departmental functions. The processing of customers response can also be time consuming and demanding, labor intensive and expensive in terms of the company staff and this makes its predictive analytic activity to enhance the discovery of products sold to customers. Web mining This technique involves data mining processes such clustering, prediction and the modeling of the differences that analyzes the results of intermediate action, in addition to this, apart from data mining, web mining is a dependent of a real time system that invokes targeted offers on behalf of a process which can be up selling and customer retention and requirement analysis from the customers. This also supports individual marketing of customers based on horizontally collected data in numerous data sources as various transactions occurs. In web mining, real time data process es are identified across all transactions with customers and hence an instance feedback is obtained and hence is the best tool to prevent anomalies and fraud. Clustering This is the method of which data items are grouped in data mining according to their logical relationships on consumer preferences this data is mined to prove market segments or consumer affinities (Han & Kamber, 2006). The most important

Visual Argument Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visual Argument - Research Paper Example Judging from the first instance of seeing this visual argument, the researcher of this paper thinks that Nike is supposedly advocating freedom to do what you want, breaking barriers and conquering limits (especially when buying Nike products), which is in this case invoked by the freedom of the boy peeing on a wall. This argument would be analyzed further in the next part of the paper. In order to evaluate carefully the visual argument of Nike’s ad, the researcher would try to use the three rhetorical appeals: ethos (credibility), logos (logical reasoning and evidence), and as well as pathos (emotional appeal). In this case, the visual argument would be evaluated according to ethos logos and pathos, in that order, through using the text, the design, and as well as the image of this particular visual argument. In addition to this, the researcher would also cite the opinion of a colleague on Nike’s visual argument, wherein the researcher would react from his opinion. Usin g the first rhetorical appeal of ethos, the researcher thinks that Nike’s visual argument actually compromises the credibility of the rhetoric that Nike is trying to point out.

Smoking Is Bad for Our Health Essay Example for Free

Smoking Is Bad for Our Health Essay Almost 50 years ago, evidence began to accumulate that cigarette smoking poses an enormous threat to human health. More than 30 years ago, initial reports was made began meticulous documentation of the biologic, epidemiologic, behavioral, pharmacologic, and cultural aspects of tobacco use. The present report, an examination of the methods and tools available to reduce tobacco use, is being issued at a time of considerable foment. The past several years have witnessed major initiatives in the legislative, regulatory, and legal arenas, with a complex set of results still not entirely resolved. This report shows that a variety of efforts aimed at reducing tobacco use, particularly by children, would have a heightened impact in the absence of countervailing pressures to smoke. Besides providing extensive background and detail on historical, social, economic, clinical, educational, and regulatory efforts to reduce tobacco use, the report indicates some clear avenues for future research and implementation. It is of special concern to derive a greater understanding of cultural differences in response to tobacco control measures. Since racial and ethnic groups are differentially affected by tobacco, elimination of disparities among these groups is a major priority. Perhaps the most pressing need for future research is to evaluate multifocal, multichannel programs that bring a variety of modalities together. For example, school-based education programs are more effective when coupled with community-based initiatives that involve mass media and other techniques. As pointed out in our report, a combination of behavioral and pharmacologic methods improves the success rate when managing nicotine addiction. Synergy among economic, regulatory, and social approaches has not been fully explored, but may offer some of the most fruitful efforts for the future. It also provides the preliminary data on new statewide, comprehensive tobacco control programs, which offer great promise as new models for tobacco control and combine multiple intervention modalities. Although all aspects—social, economic, educational, and regulatory—have not been combined into a fully comprehensive effort, it is exciting to contemplate the potential impact of such an undertaking to eventually ensure that children are protected from the social and cultural influences that lead to tobacco addiction, that all smokers are encouraged to quit as soon as possible, and that nonsmokers are protected from environmental tobacco. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is our great privilege to express our gratitude to our creator Allah (SWT) for such great opportunity to be in touch with this report and came to know the present condition of smoking in these following days. We also have to put our heartened feelings and gratitude for the kindness and assistance that was provided to us to complete our assigned report as on the topic and such way you assigned us.In preparing the proposed report we have taken great assistance support and guidance from the persons of our group, the information you gave as our faculty and website. Table of Content 1. Introduction 2. Real situation 3. Real situation of Bangladesh 4. Tobacco Smoking Prevalence, Total and by Gender Bangladesh, 1995-2010 5. Given statistics 6. Show a table 7. A chart 8. Tobacco Production in Bangladesh 9. Smoking Damage 10. Quitting statistics 11. Economic and Opportunity cost 12. Social cost 13. Recommendations 14. Conclusion Introduction: Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Casual smoking is the act of smoking only occasionally, usually in a social situation or to relieve stress. A smoking habit is a physical addiction to tobacco products. Many health experts now regard habitual smoking as a psychological addiction, too, and one with serious health consequences. Real Situation in all over the world: About 2.0 billion people smoke all around the world. The World Health Organization states that global prevalence is 48% for adult males and 12% for adult females, about 1/3 of the adults worldwide, making about 2.0 billion smokers around the world including child smokers. Percent of Population that Smokes by Gender: 22.3 percent are male smokers. 17.4 percent are female smokers. Smoking Statistics by Age: Ages 18 to 24 years 22 percent, ages 25 to 44 years 22.8 percent, ages 45 to 64 years 21 percent, ages 65 and over 8 percent. Smoking Statistics by Race: Blacks are 19.8 percent, American Indians are 36.4 percent, Asians are 9.6 percent, Hispanics are13.3 percent and Whites are 21.4 percent. Smoking Statistics by Education Level: 44 percent of adults with a GED diploma, 33 percent of adults with 9 to 11 years of education, 11 percent of adults with an undergraduate college degree, 6 percent of adults with a graduate college degree Smoking Statistics by Poverty Status: 28.8 percent of adults who smoke live below the poverty level and 20.3 percent of adults who smoke live at or above the poverty level. Number of People Who Start Smoking Each Day: Even with what we know today about the health effects of smoking and the dangers associated with it people continue to start smoking. There are many reasons people start smoking and none of them are good. Each day, nearly 1,000 kids under the age of 18 will start smoking on a daily basis. Eighteen hundred adults, 18 and over, will also start smoking on a daily basis. Smoking situation in Bangladesh: Smoking is an increasingly prevalent habit in Bangladesh, particularly among men. In the past 10-15 years cigarette consumption has more than doubled. In Bangladesh 43.3% of adults (41.3 million) currently use tobacco in smoking and 44.7% of men, 1.5% of women, and 23.0% overall (21.9 million adults) currently smoke tobacco. 26.4% of men, 27.9% of women, and 27.2% overall (25.9 million adults) currently use smokeless tobacco. BDHS 2007 found 60 percent of Bangladeshi men smoke cigarettes and 20 percent consume other forms of tobacco. Although rural men are more likely (62 percent) to smoke cigarette than urban men (54 percent), urban smokers tend to smoke more cigarette per day (42 percent)smoke 10+ cigarette in the past 24 hours) than their rural counterparts (21 percent smoke 10+ cigarette in the past 24 hours). Population (Million) Population(Age Limit)| 1975| 2000| 2025| 2050| All adults, ages 15+ Female adults| 73.115 35.210| 84.249 40.127| 151.428 74.103| 207.054 100934| All youth, ages 0-14 Female youth| 50.457 24.523| 53.190 25.855| 59.344 28.965| 58.368 28.561| Tobacco Smoking Prevalence, Total and by Gender Bangladesh, 1995-2010 Tobacco Production in Bangladesh: Cigarette production and consumption patterns in Bangladesh were examined and the health, nutritional, and economic consequences of these patterns was assessed. Consumption of cigarettes and biri, hand-made tobacco rolls, is increasing. Annual per capita consumption of cigarettes, taking into account all males and females over the age of 15, is 350 cigarettes. Previously conducted surveys of 2 villages indicated that 67% of the males and 1% of the females, over the age of 15, smoked 1 or more cigarettes or biri each day. Cigarette, bidi, chewing, hookah, cigar, cheroot, snuff, natu, burley etc. are the various types of tobacco grown in different parts of the country. Each month approximately 1500 million cigarettes and 3000 million biri are produced. 57% of all commercially produced cigarettes are manufactured by 1 company, which is affilated with the British American Tobacco interest group. Biri are generally produced in cottage industries. Cigarette production is expected to increase by 40%. The cigarette industry is not labor intensive and it provides only a small number of jobs for the population. 123,000 acres of land are currently devoted to the production of tobacco. This constitutes a serious loss of land which might otherwise be used to raise needed rice. It is estimated that the annual rice production loss attributable to the use of land to raise tobacco is equal to 1/2 of the countrys yearly food grain deficit. Regional variation is also notable in men’s cigarette smoking: 73 percent in Sylhet division to 45 percent in Barisal division; 66 percent in Dhaka, 62 percent in Chittagong, 57 percent in Rajshahi and 52 percent in Khulna. Cigarette smoking in men found to have an inverse co-relation with education attainment: 73 percent with no education to 39 percent with secondary complete and higher; 63 percent in primary incomplete and 53 percent in secondary in complete. Similarly wealth quintile reversely influences men’s cigarette smoking: 71 percent in lowest quintile and 46 percent in highest quintile; 65 percent in second, 62 percent in middle and 60 percent in fourth quintiles. Area | Number of Company Card holders | Number of other growers in tobacco cultivation| Total number of growers in tobacco cultivation | Kushtia (Daulatpur upazila) | 11689 (90%) | 1266 | 12955 | Kushtia (Mirpur Upazilla | 8437 (91%) | 796 | 9233 | Bandarban (Lama upazila) | 5754 (98%) | 79 | 5833 | Bandarban (Ali Kadam upazila) | 1149 (97%) | 37 | 1186 | Cox’sbazar (Chakaria Upazilla) | 3008 98%) | 65 | 3073 | Market Share by Cigarette Manufacturer, 1999-2010: BAT Bangladesh 60% Other domestic 32% Imports 8% Health Effects of Smoking Statistics: Smoking is the leading cause of many different health issues within our society. Many types of cancers, heart disease, and lung diseases have been directly linked to smoking. For every person who dies from a smoking related disease, 20 more suffer from at least one serious illness related to smoking. 1 out of 5 people die each year from smoking. Over 400,000 people die each year from smoking related illnesses. Nearly 50,000 nonsmokers die annually from secondhand smoke exposure. Cigarette smoke contains about 4,000 different chemicals which can damage the cells and systems of the human body. These include at least 80 chemicals that can cause cancer (including tar, arsenic, benzene, cadmium and formaldehyde) nicotine (a highly addictive chemical which hooks a smoker into their habit) and hundreds of other poisons such as cyanide, carbon monoxide and ammonia. Every time a smoker inhales, these chemicals are drawn into the body where they interfere with cell function and cause problems ranging from cell death to genetic changes which lead to cancer. Risk factors of smoking: People take up smoking for a variety of reasons. Young people are especially vulnerable because of pressure from their peers and the image that smoking is clever, cool or grown-up. Just trying a few cigarettes can be enough to become addicted. Many people say that smoking helps them to feel more relaxed or cope with stress but nicotine is a stimulant not a relaxant, so it doesn’t help stress. What people are describing is more likely to be relief from their craving or withdrawal symptoms. Smoking Damage: There are hundreds of examples and volumes of research showing how cigarette smoking damages the body. For example, UK studies show that smokers in their 30s and 40s are five times more likely to have a heart attack than non-smokers. Smoking contributes to coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries) where the heart’s blood supply becomes narrowed or blocked, starving the heart muscle of vital nutrients and oxygen, resulting in a heart attack. As a result smokers have a greatly increased risk of needing complex and risky heart bypass surgery. Smoking also increases the risk of having a stroke, because of damage to the heart and arteries to the brain. If someone smokes for a lifetime, there is a 50 per cent chance that your eventual death will be smoking-related half of all these deaths will be in middle age. Smoking and Lung problem: Smoking does enormous damage to the lungs, especially because these tissues are in the direct firing line for the poisons in smoke. As a result there is a huge increase in the risk of lung cancer, which kills more than 20,000 people in the UK every year. US studies have shown that men who smoke increase their chances of dying from the disease by more than 22 times. Women who smoke increase this risk by nearly 12 times.Lung cancer is a difficult cancer to treat long term survival rates are poor. Smoking also increases the risk of the following cancers: * Oral * Uterine * Liver * Kidney * Bladder * Stomach * Cervical * Leukemia Even more common among smokers is a group of lung conditions called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD which encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema. These conditions cause progressive and irreversible lung damage, and make it increasingly difficult for a person to breathe. Harm to children from Smoking: Smoking in pregnancy greatly increases the risk of miscarriage, is associated with lower birth weight babies, and inhibits child development. Smoking by parents following the birth is linked to sudden infant death syndrome, or cot death, and higher rates of infant respiratory illness, such as bronchitis, colds, and pneumonia. Smoking and young people: Smoking is particularly damaging in young people. Evidence shows people who start smoking in their youth aged 11 to 15 are three times more likely to die a premature death than someone who takes up smoking at the age of 20. They are also more likely to be hooked for life. Nicotine, an ingredient of tobacco, is highly addictive – it takes on average on about six cigarettes before nicotine receptors in the brain are switched on, generating a craving for nicotine which may continue for the rest of the person’s life. In less than one packet of cigarettes, a person’s brain can be changed forever from that of a non-smoker to a nicotine addicted smoker. Although the health risks of smoking are cumulative, giving up can yield health benefits, regardless of the age of the patient, or the length of time they have been smoking. Quitting Smoking Statistics: Nearly 70 percent of smokers want to quit smoking altogether. Approximately 40 percent of smokers will try to quit this year. About 7 percent will succeed at quitting smoking their first try. That may sound like a small number but it is over 3 million people. 3 to 4 percent of people who quit smoking will do it cold turkey. If we join a proper smoking-cessation service, using all available help including medication and counseling, your chances of quitting may be as high as one in three (compared to just three per cent if you go it alone). Many smokers are lead to believe that quitting smoking is impossible. That is ridiculous! We have it in our right now to quit smoking we just need to believe. Yes, it is going to be tough and we will face challenges but thats true for anything worth obtaining in life. No one starts smoking to become addicted to nicotine. It isnt known how much nicotine may be consumed before the body becomes addicted. However, once smoking becomes a habit, the smoker faces a lifetime of health risks associated with one of the strongest addictions known to man. About 70% of smokers in the United States would like to quit; in any given year, however, only about 3.6% of the countrys 47 million smokers quit successfully. Although specific genes have not yet been identified as of 2003, researchers think that genetic factors contribute substantially to developing a smoking habit. Several twin studies have led to estimates of 46-84% heritability for smoking. It is thought that some genetic variations affect the speed of nicotine metabolism in the body and the activity level of nicotinic receptors in the brain. Causes and Consequences of smoking: Tobacco usage accounted for 4.1% of the global burden of ill-health in 2000. Much of this burden was due to an increase over the previous decade of tobacco-related illnesses in developing countries. Almost 4.9 million deaths in 2000 were attributed to tobacco usage (Ezzati et al., 2002). According to a recent study on smokers, the average loss of life expectancy per tobacco related illness in India was estimated at 20 years, with middle-aged smokers having twice the death rates than non-smokers (Gajalakshmi et al., 2003). Thus, tobacco usage results in loss of life – and in turn productivity – during the active years of experienced workers. Economic and Opportunity cost: The study in Bangladesh identifies and compares the economic costs and opportunity cost of tobacco consumption with a view to providing economic data to frame tobacco control policy. More specifically it provides an estimation of opportunity costs (costs necessitated by tobacco usage that could otherwise have yielded greater benefit) incurred because of ill-health attributable to tobacco usage. Accounting includes the costs borne by the health system to treat tobacco-related illnesses, and out-of-pocket costs borne by the household of the person afflicted by these illnesses. These two items make up the direct costs. To this is added the cost to the economy due to premature death and disabilities, or the indirect costs. The initial task was to identify the types of illnesses that can be attributed to tobacco usage, although the etiology of the illnesses is not exclusive to tobacco. The list of illnesses varies from country to country due to different habits for tobacco usage (Peto et al., 1992). In this study, eight illnesses were selected as they are consistent with tobacco usage in all regions of the world. These are given below: * lung cancer, cancers of the mouth and larynx * stroke and ischemic heart diseases (IHD) * chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Murray and Lopez, 1996). Studies in the People’s Republic of China and India have shown that tobacco contributes to the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Buerger’s Disease occurring primarily among heavy smokers. Here, tobacco-related illnesses are all those that have been associated with tobacco usage. A portion of the prevalence of the illnesses can be attributed to tobacco usage. Thus the main interest of this study is to estimate the opportunity costs imposed by occurrence of illnesses directly caused by tobacco usage are poor and work bare feet in wet soil condition, has been shown to be a source of disease burden in Bangladesh and other developing countries. Having identified the illnesses, the study compared the total cost of tobacco usage to zero usage. The difference between these costs would represent the magnitude of the problem. The calculation of annual costs followed the cross-sectional, or prevalence-based, approach for cost of illness studies. This estimates actual costs as a function of all illnesses related to current and past smoking. Costs were calculated using standard guidelines on economic â€Å"cost benefit† analysis. All costs attributable to tobacco-related illnesses were deemed excess medical costs Consumption of tobacco is addictive and can therefore be seen as an unwarranted cost. The opportunity costs of tobacco-related illnesses included: * private expenditures (out-of-pocket or insurance) of patients on medical care, e.g., drugs, medical examination, hospitalization, and transportation to health centers * cost of the public health care system * loss of potential income and investment opportunities due to illness and consequent working disability or termination of working life by premature death. * The first two components are the direct costs to the patients and the health care system. * The third component constitutes the indirect cost of illness to individuals and society. The measurement of the total annual cost of tobacco-related illnesses to the economy involves the estimation of: * the relative risk of the eight selected diseases with respect to tobacco the proportion of tobacco users having any of the diseases; * the prevalence rates of the eight diseases attributable to tobacco usage–the probability that one of them would befall a tobacco consumer, derived from the ratio of tobacco users having any of the eight illnesses compared to the proportion of tobacco users in the economy; * the average cost of private treatment of individual patients; * the average hospital cost (inpatient and outpatient) of treatment of individual patients; * the average indirect cost from the loss of working days and income of both the patient and the attendant family members due to the treatment; * average indirect cost from the loss of income owing to disability or early demise caused by the illness. * Methods and analytical framework * Impact of Tobacco-related Illnesses in Bangladesh * The sum of the average costs , weighted by the rate of prevalence of tobacco-related illness, yields an estimate of the expected average cost of illnesses attributable to tobacco usage. To obtain the expected total cost of illness, the average cost needs to be multiplied by the total population. Thus the following basic economic cost structure for each illness will be calculated for each year. Objectives: The objective of the study was to obtain information on the economic costs of illnesses resulting from tobacco usage in Bangladesh. It entailed calculating the opportunity costs borne by the government attributable to tobacco related illnesses, and an analysis of the extent to which these may frame tobacco control policy. The specific objectives were to determine: * the prevalence of tobacco usage; * the prevalence of tobacco-related illnesses; * utilization of health services (in a partial way); * hospital costs borne by the health system due to tobacco-related illnesses; * out-of-pocket expenditure of households, either when(6) deaths and disabilities due to tobacco-related illnesses; * the impact of second-hand smoking; and * benefit of tobacco consumption for the economy. Using the above criteria we attempted to test the following hypotheses: * tobacco-related illnesses impose substantial costs to the society; * total expenditure (household out-of-pocket, health system and indirect costs) exceeds total income (public and private) earned from, domestic consumption of tobacco; and * the cost of tobacco usage is disproportionately high for the poor. The prevalence of tobacco-related diseases and the average private and public costs of treating them were estimated using data collected in 2004 from various sources, including a national household survey, hospital costs and patient surveys (from three public medical college hospitals and one private one), and an expert survey that determined the survival rate and quality of life after occurrence of the diseases attributable to tobacco. These data were supplemented by others from the institutes that provide specialized care for the diseases. On the other hand, a major reason that tobacco consumption has not been considered as a cost has been the concern of policy-makers in poorer countries of losing tax revenues from sales of tobacco products (including surpluses which are normally seen as benefits in welfare economics), as well as wages earned through the production of tobacco. The study therefore adopted a mixed approach while the tax and wages associated with tobacco consumption and production were seen as benefits the producer and consumer surpluses from domestic consumption were discounted as they stem solely from addictive consumption and cause damage to health. In the United States of America, the direct costs of treatment of illnesses directly attributed to tobacco usage accounted for 0.46% to 1.15% of gross domestic product (GDP). This is the actual expenditure in a given year. In the United Kingdom, these costs amounted to 0.13% of GDP, while those in Canada ranged from 0.12% to 0.56% of GDP. Similar ranges were found in Australia. The only comprehensive study from any developing country , carried out in China, showed that direct costs amounted to 0.43% of GDP. Social cost: Social costs included the indirect costs of morbidity and premature mortality, as well as direct medical costs. While social costs averaged 1.4% to 1.6% of GDP in the USA and Canada, the China study showed a higher figure of 1.7% (In 2000) While directly not accounted in the cost calculations in any of the studies mentioned above, the effects of tobacco consumption on poor populations are significantly higher than for other income groups. Taking education as proxy for income levels, data from both developed and developing countries suggest that poor people consume more tobacco products than people in higher income groups in nearly all regions of the world. In the United Kingdom, the least educated people smoke three times more than the highest educated group, and this rate is up to seven times more in some developing countries. The risk of death from tobacco usage is also related to income. A study in Canada determined the risk of death attributable to smoking to be 5% for high-income earners, rising to 15% for the poorest population group. The effects of high consumption of tobacco in developing countries is compounded by the opportunity costs of consuming other essential items. Studies in several countries observed that up to 17% of household income was being spent on tobacco products (de Beyer et al., 2001). A study in Bangladesh estimated that 10 million people currently malnourished could have an adequate diet if money spent on tobacco were spent on food instead. In developed countries, considerable efforts have resulted in a lower number of smokers, often as a result of banning direct and indirect tobacco advertising, high taxes on tobacco products, the enforcement of laws requiring tobacco-free public and work places, and clear graphic health messages on tobacco packaging. Developing countries, on the other hand, are not only witnessing an increase in tobacco usage; they are also lacking effective legislation, often for the socioeconomic arguments stated above. Based on these arguments, some policy-makers conclude that amount gained as revenue from tobacco exceeds the cost to society due to tobacco use. This study seeks to assess the validity of this view in Bangladesh, a pioneer among countries considering legislation to control tobacco consumption. Household survey: The household survey allowed us to estimate the prevalence of tobacco usage, construct a population disease profile for the age group of 15 years and above, determine out-of-pocket costs incurred for tobacco-related illnesses, and diagnose associated health-seeking behavior. Sampling and cluster selection: The household survey took place from May to July 2004. A representative sample of 2467 households was drawn from six divisions. We made sure that the districts selected had different degrees of accessibility to tertiary health care Facilities: Districts within a 25 kilometer radius from a tertiary health-care facility were considered near and those 25 to 50 kilometers were considered far. Unions or Wards (clusters) were selected randomly from the districts. A total of 59 clusters were selected from 6 divisions that included 11985 young and adult individuals. Impact of Tobacco-related Illnesses in Bangladesh: The household sample is representative of the Bangladeshi population in terms of urban–rural composition, distribution of household expenditure, as well as age composition. For example, youth and infants (those aged below 30) accounted for 63% of the total sample, while the national figure is 64%. The distribution of sample population by age group is shown in. The present study focused on adults aged 30 years and above, who constituted 37% of the sample, because tobacco-related illnesses are observable primarily among people of this age group. Impact of Tobacco related Illnesses in Bangladesh are, * Ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), oral cancer, lung cancer * laryngeal carcinoma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) * pulmonary tuberculosis * X-ray: A chest X-ray was performed on any suspected case of lung cancer, COPD or tuberculosis. * Carbon Monoxide Monitor (CO-monitor): In order to corroborate the use of tobacco, a CO monitor was used to measure the ambient air quality and individual CO level. A conversion table was used to determine the CO level in blood (hemoglobin). Recommendations: Despite dissemination and availability of the recommendations on smoking cessation, few countries had taken sufficient action. Therefore, in June 2002, the WHO Tobacco Free Initiative organized a meeting to develop ‘Policy Recommendations for Smoking Cessation for governments, non-governmental organizations and health professionals interested in making public health gains in the short and medium term. The policy recommendations were published in June 2003 and launched during the 12th World Conference on Tobacco or Health in Helsinki, Finland. The recommendation chart is given below: pressure| Companies| People| Government| 1.Adhunik2.Bangladesh 2nd Sub-National Smoke-Free Project organized a Workshop. 3. PROGGA organized a workshop on 17th May,20124. YPSA(Young Power In Social Action) organized a program on May,20105. Bangladesh 2nd Sub-National Smoke-Free Project Workshop† held in Chittagong on 17th to 19th May, 20106. WHO(World Health Org.), BAT, BATA, other Non-governmental org.7. The Anti-tobacco advocacy and campaign. 8. The World No Tobacco Day has been celebrated throughout Bangladesh in befitting manner on 31 May| 1. Banglalink campaign on 15th June, 2012.2. Nokia-Banglalink joint campaign named ‘Ovijaan’ and Ovi internet against smoking.3.Grammenphone4. The Daily Star and Kaler kontho.5. Prothom Aloo organized Anti Tobacco campaign, Bandhushava with the help of DIU.6. Google and anti smoking campaign against tobacco.7. Samsung Electronics leads other companies in the campaign against smoking. 8. The Truth About Tobacco Times of India campaign and workshop against tobacco.9. Radio Today, Bangladesh Betar and other radio TV channel also working against Tobacco.| 1.We should avoid smoking for our own health and environment.2. We should stop smoking among nonresidential area and public places.3. We should avoid smoking before children and young generations.4. We should not smoke too much and encourage other for smoking.5. We should not smoke in school. Colleges and universities. 6. We should follow the tobacco control campaign and avoid smoking.7. We should encourage others to avoid smoking.8. We should follow the rules and regulations of Govt. and other organization against smoking.9. We should avoid smoking in offices and public places.10. We should try to avoid smoking with the help of health agencies and doctors.11. We should aware the local people.12. We can aware the urban and rural people about the consequences of smoking.| 1.Govt. should fund state tobacco control activities at the level recommended by the CDC.2. excise tax rates below the level imposed which states excise tax rates should be indexed to inflation.3. States and localities should enact complete bans on smoking in all nonresidential indoor locations. 4. All health care facilities should meet or exceed JCAHO standards in banning smoking in all indoor areas.5. Colleges and universities should ban smoking in indoor locations.6. State health agencies, health care professionals, and other interested organizations should undertake strong efforts to encourage parents to make their homes and vehicles smoke free.7. All states should license retail sales outlets that sell tobacco products.8. All states should ban the sale of tobacco products directly to consumers.9. Congress should ensure that stable funding is continuously provided to the national quit line network.10. Can increase the high level of prices for tobacco products is an important factor in preventing people.11. Govt. can aware the people about the effect of smoking. 12. Govt. can increase tax among the sales of tobacco.| Recent changes to legislation: In July 2009, further provisions of the Public Health (Tobacco) Acts 2002 and 2004 were commenced. These included * ban on all in-store/point-of-sale advertising of tobacco products. * ban on the display of tobacco products in retail premises. * introduction of a closed container / dispenser provision. * tighter controls on the location and operation of tobacco vending machines, introduction of a retail register. The recommendations propose a broad framework for addressing treatment of tobacco dependence. In this framework, Governments can progressively choose minimal, expanded and core recommendations as they strengthen their resources and capacities. The recommended framework includes a mix of three main strategies: * A public health approach that seeks to change the social climate and promote a supportive environment. * A health systems approach that focuses on promoting and integrating clinical best practices (behavioral and pharmacological) which help tobacco-dependent consumers increase their chance of quitting successfully. * A surveillance, research and information approach that promotes the exchange of information and knowledge so as to increase awareness of the need to change social norms. These are recommendations from WHO and social welfare organization for people and Government also working for prohibiting tobacco. Conclusion: As countries prepare to develop national policy guidelines for the treatment of tobacco dependence, the international community can help by providing a forum for sharing and distributing information, writing up guidelines, reviewing best practices, raising funds and establishing partnerships.